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Compare Liechtenstein (2001) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2007)

Compare Liechtenstein (2001) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2007)

 Liechtenstein (2001)Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2007)
 LiechtensteinAshmore and Cartier Islands
Administrative divisions 11 communes (gemeinden, singular - gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz -
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.41% (male 2,992; female 2,996)

15-64 years:
70.6% (male 11,455; female 11,511)

65 years and over:
10.99% (male 1,439; female 2,135) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products -
Airports none -
Area total:
160 sq km

land:
160 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate 11.53 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$424.2 million

expenditures:
$414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)		 -
Capital Vaduz -
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers tropical
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 74.1 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 -
Country name conventional long form:
Principality of Liechtenstein

conventional short form:
Liechtenstein

local long form:
Fuerstentum Liechtenstein

local short form:
Liechtenstein		 conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) -
Death rate 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $0 (1996) -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US Liechtenstein's Ambassador to the US, Claudia FRITSCHE, is dually accredited to the UN in New York none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Economic aid - recipient none -
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 18% - and easy incorporation rules have induced 73,700 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption NA kWh -
Electricity - exports NA kWh -
Electricity - imports NA kWh -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Ruggeller Riet 430 m

highest point:
Grauspitz 2,599 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Alemannic 87.5%, Italian, Turkish, and other 12.5% -
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6303 (January 2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997), 1.2360 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)

head of government:
Head of Government Mario FRICK (since 15 December 1993) and Deputy Head of Government Michael RITTER (since 2 February 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet elected by the Diet; confirmed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch		 -
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) -
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery -
Exports - partners EU and EFTA countries 60.57% (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 47 10 N, 9 32 E 12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways total:
250 km

paved:
250 km

unpaved:
0 km		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight have found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that make it vulnerable to money laundering -
Imports $917.3 million (1996) -
Imports - commodities machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles -
Imports - partners EU countries, Switzerland (1996) -
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism -
Infant mortality rate 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (1997 est.) -
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO (observer), WIPO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Superior Court or Obergericht -
Labor force 22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day -
Labor force - by occupation industry, trade, and building 45%, services 53%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
76 km

border countries:
Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km		 0 km
Land use arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
25% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect -
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Diet or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 9-11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.95 years

male:
75.32 years

female:
82.6 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
100%

female:
100% (1981 est.)		 -
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references Europe Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August -
Nationality noun:
Liechtensteiner(s)

adjective:
Liechtenstein		 -
Natural hazards NA surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land fish
Net migration rate 4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
People - note - the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Dr. Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 32,528 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.98% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors none -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 21,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

standard gauge:
18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)		 -
Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 7.4%, unknown 7.7%, other 4.9% (1996) -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.01 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
automatic telephone system

domestic:
NA

international:
linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 20,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular NA -
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) -
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 1.8% (February 1999) -
Waterways none -
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